2016年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀練習(xí)及答案
第一篇：工資
It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints(約束)influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle(小隔間)offices and window offices.I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but "nice" isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probablyhave to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip(籌碼)when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are beingmade, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
練習(xí)題：
1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
A. demonstrate his capability
B. give his boss a good impression
C. ask for as much money as he can
D. ask for the salary he hopes to get
2. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
C. People should not be content with what they have got.
D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. unfairness exists in salary increases
B. most people are overworked and underpaid
C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance
D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
4. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
A. advertise himself on the job market
B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C) try to get inside information about the organization
D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
5. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
A. meet his boss at the appropriate time
B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually
C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
參考答案：
1.[D] 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第1句。開頭立論：“It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在進(jìn)入公司以前就談妥你的最初工資要求要更容易些”。因此，在接受一份工作前應(yīng)該先提出期望薪金要求，即D.注意C中as much…as he can意思太絕對，不妥。
2.[B] 推理判斷題。Beth的故事是為了證明第1段提出的觀點，主要依據(jù)第2段第1句，第3段最后一句再次印證。核心詞為ask for.
3.[A] 推理判斷題。從Beth的故事中不難總結(jié)出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就會得到滿足;你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考慮。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主觀因素，故而unfair.直接依據(jù)為第3段第1句。
4.[D] 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第3段，performance“工作表現(xiàn)”，timing“抓住時機”和information“利用信息”是加薪的三大籌碼。D與其中對timing的闡述一致。
5.[C] 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段指出，帶著準(zhǔn)備好的.籌碼去跟老板商談加薪，并在合適的時候拿出來，而且要運用一定的交際手段引導(dǎo)談判的發(fā)展方向，即C.注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time “在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候拿出籌碼”不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time.
第二篇：個人信息
Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left. The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, "Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat in last time. Would you like to join her for dinner again?" Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and your drink is on the table. Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesn't include burgers. Sound a little bizarre? To some, this is restaurant equivalent of the Internet.The Net's ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you—some of which you may notwant them to have.
Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a "cookie"? Unfortunately, it’s not the Mrs. Reid’s type. A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer—usually without your knowledge. During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about your interaction, including where you visit, how long you stay there, how frequently you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address. Fill out a survey to collect free information or samples, and marketers know even more about you—like your name, address, and any other information you provide. While this may sound scary enough, cookies aren’t even the latest in technology. A new system called I-librarian Alexa—named for the legendary third century B.C. library in Alexandria, Egypt—does even more. While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on ads，etc. All thisinformation is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you. Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably don’t even know that you are giving it.
練習(xí)題：
1.In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was ________ 。
A. considerate
B. polite
C. irritating
D. unsmart
2.The author makes up the restaurant story in order to _______ 。
A.show the good service offered in some Web restaurants
B.criticize some restaurants for too considerate service
C.show the Internet’s ability to collect data on you
D.prove the incredible power of the Internet
3.What can be learned about "cookie" from the second paragraph?
A.It was first created by Mrs. Reid.
B.It collects information on you without your knowing it
C.It’s some information sent to your computer about yourself.
D.It’s the latest in technology.
4.What can be learned about "Alexa" from the second paragraph?
A.Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt
B.Alexa is installed in libraries.
C.Alexa can collect all the necessary data on you.
D.Alexa can provide more data for marketers than a cookie.
5.Which of the following words can best reflect the author's attitude to cookies and Alexa?
A. Critical
B. Suspicious.
C. Objective.
D. Optimistic.
參考答案：
1.[C] 推理判斷題。第1段中，喬另約了一名新女友去餐館，餐館服務(wù)員卻招呼他坐在上次約會的女友身邊，并且為他準(zhǔn)備了與上次同樣的食品，包括他節(jié)食忌用的漢堡，這樣的服務(wù)肯定會使喬做出負(fù)面的評價。因此選項A和選項B部不對。此外，這個故亊是為了指出濫用別人的個人資料會惹人討厭，因此可推斷喬對餐廳服務(wù)員的做法會感到生氣。選項D雖然也是反面的評價，但是這個選項可能表明喬不介意自己的資料被盜用，只是覺得餐廳服務(wù)員使用的時候不夠靈活。這與文章的主題不符。
2.[C] 推理判斷題。本題考查例子與主題之間的關(guān)系。答題的依據(jù)是第1段最后兩句，文章指出餐館跟因特網(wǎng)一樣，它們都收集用戶的信息。選項A和B都只滲及表面，選項D則不如選項C確切、具體。
3.[B] 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。選擇依據(jù)是第2段第3句及第4句。選項B是對這兩句話的歸納。選項A談的是可食用的甜餅，而不是本文敘述的用于收集用戶信息的一種軟件。選項C是對第2段第3、4句的歪曲理解。文章明確提出了cookie不是最新的發(fā)明，選項D不正確。
4.[D] 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。本句考查復(fù)雜句的理解，并涉及兩個事物的對比。第2段介紹Alexa時，指明它does even more，接著用while連接一個讓步狀語從句，其主句是關(guān)于Alexa的信息，據(jù)此可以判斷選項D正確。選項 A和B與原文不符，容易排除。選項C指出Alexa能收集到所有必要的資料，這是對其作用的夸大，實際上，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第3句，它收集的只是所有網(wǎng)上活動的資料。
5.[A] 觀點態(tài)度題。判斷依據(jù)是文中作者所使用的一些詞句，如：usually without your knowledge, sound scary及最后一句。這些顯示了作者對cookie和Alexa持反對、批評的態(tài)度。
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