It 用法的五類考點(diǎn)分析
It的用法有千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn),在幾種形式中你是否真的掌握,下面小編列舉了五類考點(diǎn),希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
涉及it用法的五類考點(diǎn)
一、考查 it 用作形式主語(yǔ)的用法
當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),為避免頭重腳輕,通常在句首使用形式主語(yǔ)it,而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子末尾。如:
It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜沒(méi)有好處。
It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很顯然,他讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。
It doesn’t matter what he says. 他說(shuō)什么沒(méi)關(guān)系。
【特別提醒】注意it用作形式主語(yǔ)的三類特殊句式:
1.用作動(dòng)詞look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主語(yǔ)(后接that從句或as if從句)。如:
It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。
It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我沒(méi)帶錢(qián)。
2.當(dāng)系表結(jié)構(gòu)后接有if 或when引出的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常在系表結(jié)構(gòu)前使用形式主語(yǔ)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某情況的看法。如:
It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他這樣做使我很吃驚。
It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 如果出了什么事就是一個(gè)悲劇。
3.用于if it were not for… / if it hadn’t been for…(若不是因?yàn)?。如:
If it hadn’t been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒風(fēng),他們就及時(shí)趕到傷員身邊了。
二、考查 it 用作形式賓語(yǔ)的用法
當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作賓語(yǔ)且其后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),就應(yīng)在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前使用形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末:
We found it difficult to persuade her. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難說(shuō)服她。
He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他習(xí)慣于天亮前起床。
I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. 我認(rèn)為他幾乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。
【特別提醒】注意it用作形式賓語(yǔ)的三類特殊句式:
1. 動(dòng)詞+it+if / when從句
當(dāng)enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等動(dòng)詞后需要接一個(gè)if或when引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),此時(shí)必須要先在動(dòng)詞后接it作形式賓語(yǔ)。如:
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜歡你遲到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他討厭別人用他的自行車。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,那就太好了。
I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能幫助我做這事,我會(huì)十分感激。
2. 動(dòng)詞+介詞+it+that從句
能用于此句型的主要有三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,即depend on, answer for, see to。如:
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他會(huì)及時(shí)趕到的。
I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. 我不能保證這個(gè)男孩是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我將注意讓所有的信件在12點(diǎn)以前送到郵局。
三、考查 it 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的用法
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+其他部分。如:
It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天結(jié)婚的。
It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上個(gè)星期買(mǎi)的是一臺(tái)電腦。
【特別提醒】對(duì)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句的復(fù)習(xí)要特別注意兩種情形:
1.當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句有插入語(yǔ)或復(fù)雜修飾語(yǔ)時(shí):
It was lack of money, not of effort, that defeated their plan. 他們的計(jì)劃受挫,原因是缺少錢(qián)而不是沒(méi)有盡力。
It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague. 他批評(píng)以前的同事,并非出于氣憤而是為他惋惜。
2.當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí):
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰(shuí)贏得了1982年的世界杯?
How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看見(jiàn)她是多久以前的.事?
四、考查 it 與 one 的區(qū)別
兩者均可代替前面提到的事物,區(qū)別是:it指的是與前面已提到的事物為同一物,此時(shí)的it等于“the (this, that, my...)+名詞”;而one 指的是與前面已提到的事物為同一類物,此時(shí)的one等于“a+名詞”。比較
I have a dictionary but I’ve lent it to Mary. 我有一本詞典,但把它借給瑪麗了。
I haven’t a dictionary; can you lend me one? 我沒(méi)有詞典,你能借我一本嗎?
五、考查 it 在習(xí)語(yǔ)中的用法
包括it的習(xí)語(yǔ)很多,比如make it就是其中很重要的一例。如:
You can make it if you hurry. 如果你趕快還可以及時(shí)趕到。
He wants to make it as a writer. 他想作一名作家而一舉成名。
You needn’t worry; he will make it. 你不必?fù)?dān)心,他會(huì)辦成的。
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