2017考研英語(yǔ)不定式語(yǔ)法重難點(diǎn)精解
下面是CN人才網(wǎng)小編為大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)中的不定式重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解讀,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
1. 充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
(1)有些及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)后常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),如ask, advise, allow, command, compel, enable, encourage, expect, invite, tell, force, wish, want, like, oblige, order, permit, prefer, persuade, remind, request, require, send, warn, cause, trouble, urge, instruct, help, lead, press, drive等。
例句: As a way of coping with the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.
(1999年第28題)
分析: 該句是并列句。分詞短語(yǔ)asking the senders to write again later修飾slips,介詞短語(yǔ)As a way of coping with the mails在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
譯文: 作為他們外出時(shí)處理郵件的一種方法,約翰遜一家讓清潔女工給寫信人寄去事先印好的便條,讓他們以后再來(lái)信。
例句: “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the market place?” (選自2003年Text 3)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。其中who wins and who loses...在句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。
譯文: “難道我們真的要讓鐵路公司成為決定市場(chǎng)上誰(shuí)興誰(shuí)衰的仲裁者嗎?”
(2)下列動(dòng)詞接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)常省略不定式符號(hào)to。如:see, watch, observe, notice, feel, hear, perceive, smell, look at, listen to, have, make, let等,但以上動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),要加上to。
例句: A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. (選自2011年Text 2)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations在句中作賓語(yǔ)senior managers的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),而cloud their reputations又作賓語(yǔ)vague pronouncements的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),cloud前省略了to,其意為“使混亂,玷污”。
譯文: 一種動(dòng)蕩的商業(yè)環(huán)境同樣使得高管們小心謹(jǐn)慎,以避免模糊的表態(tài)有損他們的聲譽(yù)。
例句: He was let to come in and sit with other workmates who had already completed their work.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。定語(yǔ)從句who had already completed their work修飾other workmates。
譯文: 有人讓他進(jìn)來(lái)和那些已經(jīng)做完活計(jì)的工友們坐在一起。
(3)不定式在介詞except,but后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),其前有動(dòng)詞do的`某種形式要省去to,反之加上to。
例句: My mother alone is in the railway station, so she has nothing to do except/but wait for me.
分析: 該句是并列句。
譯文: 母親一個(gè)人在車站,所以除了等我外,她無(wú)事可做。
例句: That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but/except to call in the police.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。第二個(gè)that后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,表示結(jié)果。
譯文: 問(wèn)題過(guò)于嚴(yán)重,于是除了給警察打電話外,我別無(wú)他法。
2. 充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)把帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也轉(zhuǎn)變成主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
例句: He wasn?t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members. (1998年第9題)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。分詞being considered...在句中作狀語(yǔ)表示原因,相當(dāng)于because he had been considered insufficiently...;to take on為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
譯文: 考慮到他不能受到每個(gè)成員的歡迎,所以沒(méi)有邀請(qǐng)他擔(dān)任協(xié)會(huì)的主席之職。
例句: We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. (2009年第50題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是we are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 在整個(gè)句子中作狀語(yǔ),其中which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the broad educational process;破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容作a more formal kind of education的同位語(yǔ)。
譯文: 因此,這就使得我們得以在一直討論的廣義的教育過(guò)程中,進(jìn)一步區(qū)別出一種更為正規(guī)的教育,即直接教學(xué)或?qū)W校教育。
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